Psychedelic Sanctuary will Help Drug Users Get over Bad Trips

Most of the people are unaware about to recover from really bad phases and trips in life in the right way. In order to provide right answer to this problem a psychedelic sanctuary will open in New York where US residents will get the first taste of therapeutic medication. This centre brings a culmination of variety of therapeutic techniques and practices into play which can help people in dealing with such phase as well as regain their confidence along with peace of mind in the most natural way. This therapeutic facility will foster the use of psychedelic drugs along with psychotherapy and group support for the users.

A new mode of active living

This therapeutic center will help users in dealing with the intense & difficult situations and experience of the life. This sanctuary will be held at the Centre for Optimal Living in New York under its founder named Andrew Tatarsky. Andrews states that the traditional and established method of drug treatment wherein the use of drugs for treating the chronic and progressive disease results in causing total abstinence among the users.

A new treatment

At this sanctuary users will be treated with the psychedelic drugs which include LSD but it is worth pointing out that this is regarded as the drugs of abuse. The conventional method of treatment and medications doesn’t helps in ridding people of their additions in a remarkable fashion.

Greater well being of the society

Psychedelic sanctuary will have a full staff which will include a doctors, psychedelic researchers along with 11 clinical psychologists. Apart from these it will also feature a number of support groups, training in medication, yoga and workshops will be conducted for the users. A preliminary research conducted by the researchers has shown that the person who actively receives help from any kind of group therapy or support group tend to get improved levels of well being than those who rely on conventional treatment or medication.
Support group and such sessions will play a vital role in turning people towards the path of attaining of internal well being and enhancement of the mood. This sanctuary will employ only properly trained and professionals who will guide users in dealing with their problems.

Psychedelic sanctuary opens a new world of healing

The best thing about psychedelic sanctuary is that it will help users in integrating positive feeling throughout their treatment which will help in unlocking richer life. It will also help people in feeling more compassionate and sympathetic to other which eventually bring them closure to the nature. A number of researches has pointed out that psychedelics helps in relieving people from the depths of depressions and anxiety and restores them to their cheery self. A recent study conducted on the psilocybin has offered dramatic results wherein it was found that this particular compound retrieved from the magic mushrooms helps people in facing death in a more dignified with life threatening disease like cancer.

Parkinson's Linked to Gut Bacteria

Parkinson’s disease Linked – Bacteria in the Gut

Researchers, for the first time have discovered a practical link between the bacteria in the gut and the onset of Parkinson’s disease which is one of the most common debilitating brain disorders in the world. A team of scientists from many institutions in the United State as well as Europe have portrayed how changing the bacteria in the guts of mice have caused the appearances of the symptoms of Parkinson’s including also bacteria taken from the guts of humans affected by the disease.

The discoveries indicate a new system of treating the disease and the best target of treating could be the gut instead of the brain. The scientists expect that the new information could be utilised in developing `next generation’ probiotics, more sophisticated than the type of probiotics located on the shelves of health food stores presently.

One of the researchers on the team as well as professor of microbiology at the California Institute of Technology, Sarkis Mazmanian commented that `one could imagine a day maybe in our lifetimes; patients will be prescribed drugs and in the pills will be the bacteria that tend to protect them from disease or maybe treat their disease symptoms.

Second Most Common Neurodegenerative Disease

Their findings had been published recently in the journal Cell. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder wherein the brain cells tend to amass excessive amount of protein known as alpha-synuclein and later die off.

 The person affected by this disease tends to lose motor function, experiences tremors and shaking and also faces other physical as well as mental disorders. Around one million people in the U.S and up to 10 million all over the world tend to be affected by this disease.

 It is said to be the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world, after Alzheimer’s.It is not typically the cause of genetic, but most often it is influenced by environmental elements. Earlier researches have indicated links between gut bacteria and Parkinson’s together with other diseases like multiple sclerosis. However no research has indicated how precisely the two could be connected.

Alpha-Synuclein – Hallmark Protein of Disease

Three diverse experiments had been performed by the researchers which indicated the connection between the germs in the gut and the disease in the brain. At first, they assimilated two sets of mice which had been naturally altered to overproduce alpha-synuclein, the hallmark protein of the disease.

One set of the mice had complete microbiome which is the collective name for the bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract while the other set had no bacteria in their guts and were germ-free. The germ-free mice seemed to overproduce alpha-synuclein though their brain cells had not been accumulating the protein.

The germ-free mice showed less symptoms and their performance had improved on a series of motor skills test that were intended to model the kinds of test given to human patients. But the mice with the complete microbiome began accumulating the protein in their brain cells and started displaying brain damage in the areas which one would expect for a patient suffering from Parkinson’s.

 Then the team fed both the set of mice short-chain fatty acids which are usually produced by bacteria in the gut. They were checking to see if germ-free mice would portray symptoms if the researchers had imitated gut bacteria activity. The germ-free mice showed symptoms of the disease in the brain when fed with the chemicals which suggested that with the chemicals some types of gut bacteria produce deteriorate conditions in the brain.

'Flashing light therapy' for Alzheimer

Flashing Light Therapy – Fight Off Alzheimer’s

As per US scientists, a flashing light therapy could be beneficial in fighting off Alzheimer’s after conducting trials on mice. The researchers observed that there is a possibility to reduce the levels of beta amyloid plaque in the visual cortex typical to Alzheimer’s disease in mouse.

Their discovery had been reproduced in the journal `Nature’ wherein Li-Huei Tsai and his team informed that the research can be carried further to check if this method could be utilised in the treatment of Alzheimer’s patients.

 The method seems to hold a lot of potential since it is accessible and non-invasive. The team at Massachusetts observed that shining a strobe light into the eyes of rodent encouraged the protective cells to eat up the harmful proteins which tend to amass in the brain in the case of dementia.

Accumulation of beta amyloid protein is said to be one of the earliest changes in the brain in the case of Alzheimer’s disease. It tends to cluster together forming sticky plaques and is said to cause nerve cell death together with memory loss. Researchers have been looking for various options of preventing plaque formation by using drugs though the result proved to be disappointing.

Rate of Flashes – 40 Per Second

However Dr Li-Huei Tsai and his team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have now discovered another option of treating the disease by using light.The precise rate of flashes is said to be 40 per second which is only a perceptible flicker, four times as fast as a disco strobe.

The mice that they had researched had been genetically engineered to have Alzheimer’s kind damage in their brain, as per Nature journal reports. When they had been placed before the flashing light for about an hour, it had led to a evident reduction in beta amyloid over the following 12 to 24 hours in the areas of the brain which handle vision. Performing this activity on a daily basis for a week gave rise to even better decline. Similarly, light stimulation directly to the area of the brain which tends to deal with memory of hippocampus resulted in decline of beta amyloid.

Clearing Beta Amyloid/Preventing Plaques

The researchers have informed that the light is beneficial by recruiting the help of resident immune cells known as microglia which are scavenger that eat and clear harmful or threatening pathogen and in this case, the beta amyloid. It is expected that clearing of the beta amyloid and preventing more plaques from developing could stop Alzheimer’s and its symptoms.

Researchers state that this method could be utilised in testing humans. Permission has already been sought from the US regulator, the Food and Drugs Administration wherein they have set up a commercial company in developing the technology. The scientists have informed that in the future, people could wear exceptional goggles and sit before a light emitting device in order to get a therapeutic dose of the strobe light which could be completely painless as well as non-invasive.

A very low intensity, very ambient soft light could be used. They further informed that the set-up is not offensive at all, emphasising that it should be safe and would not cause epilepsy for those who tend to be vulnerable.

Teenage Cancer First to be cryogenically Frozen

Cancer Teenager to be Cryogenically Frozen

The father of a British cancer teenager to be cryogenically frozen is apprehensive that she would be woken in `200 years’ all by herself in America without any memory or a family. The unnamed teenager who had died last month is presently in a `cryostat’ tank at about -196C in the Michigan based Cryonics Institute.

She had been in the midst of a fierce legal battle between her parents who had been divorced wherein her mother had agreed to her wish of being frozen while her estranged father; battling cancer had refused due to its cost of £37,000 together with the brutal process of preserving her.

He had informed the High Court that even if the treatment would be successful and she could be brought back to life in around 200 years, she would not find any of her relatives and would fail to remember things.

He further added that she may be left in a desperate situation considering that she is still only 14 years old and would be in the United States of America. Zoe Fleetwood, the girl’s solicitor had informed that the teenager had described Mr Justice Jackson as her hero before her death after he had approved to her dying wish that one day she would be cured and woken up.

Body Chilled to Two/Three Weeks in Liquid Nitrogen

Ms Fleetwood had also informed BBC Radio 4 Today programme: By October 6, the girl knew that her wishes would be followed and that had given her comfort. Sadly she had died on October 17 knowing those last few days that her wish would be granted.

She had further added that it was a great privilege to represent her and that she had extraordinary determination. Her body had been flown to America and had been chilled over two to three weeks in Liquid Nitrogen and stored with around 150 other bodies.

It was also disclosed by the judge that her father was persuaded eventually and said that he respects the decisions she had made and that this is the last and only thing she had asked from him. She had written an extraordinary letter to a judge during the landmark case while she had been on her death bed mentioning that she was only 14 years old and did not want to die though she knew that she was going to die.

Being Cryo-preserved - Opportunity to Be Cured

She had informed that she wanted to live longer and was of the opinion that in the future, they would find a cure for cancer and wake her up. It was this chance she wished to have. She further added that being cryo-preserved had given her an opportunity to be cured and woken up, even in hundreds of years’ time and that she did not want to be buried underground.

She had requested the High Court to rule that her mother would be the only one permitted to make decision regarding the disposal of her body. Mr Justice Jackson, the High Court judge, after agreeing had visited her before her death on October 17 informed that the terminally ill had died peacefully with the knowledge that her remains would be frozen. The judge also mentioned that he had been moved by the courageous way she had faced her dilemma.

Immediate Aspirin Advice for Minor Stroke

Aspirin – Prevent/Reduce Further Stroke

According to researchers, after a minor stroke, a patient can consider taking aspirin immediately to prevent or reduce harm of further strokes. Scientists of Oxford University state that though doctors have already been advised to give the drug, the advantage of consuming it early has been greatly underestimated and treatment sometimes is delayed.

They have called for clearer medical and public guidelines by writing in the Lancet. NHS England states that it will consider the findings of the study carefully. Minor strokes and transient ischaemic attacks or mini-strokes – TIAs tends to take place due to interruption of blood flow to the brain. This could result in weakness to the limbs or issues with speech or vision, wherein the symptoms usually seem to disappear within some days.

However, the risk of having another major stroke with more permanent symptoms tends to be high in the days following an attack. Earlier research have recommended aspirin which plays some part in lessening this chance especially in the long run by reducing the danger of the formation of blood clots or thinning the blood. The team of scientist inform that their findings portray that most of the benefit is in the initial crucial hours and days following a minor stroke or TIA.

Advantage of Immediate Aspirin Therapy

They evaluated taking early aspirin treatment which could lessen the danger of having a massive stroke from one in 20 people each day to one in 100. Professor Peter Rothwell, lead researcher stated that the advantage of immediate aspirin therapy was greatly underestimated.

He added that they need to encourage people if they think they have had some neurological symptoms which could be a minor stroke or TIA to take aspirin instantly and seek medical attention at the earliest. Using aspirin immediately could reduce the danger of major strokes for those who tend to have minor warning signs.

Professor Rothwell informed that their findings confirm the effectiveness of urgent treatment after TIA and minor stroke and shows that aspirin is the most important component. Speedy treatment with aspirin could considerably reduce the danger as well as severity of an early recurrent stroke. The discovery has effects for doctors who should give aspirin if a TIA or minor stroke is suspected instead of waiting for the assessment and examination of the physician.

Essential to Bring About Awareness

The discovery also has suggestion for public education. Most of the patients do not seek medical help and tend to delay for some days. Half of these patients incline to have a TIA before they seem to get treatment for TIA. It is essential to bring about awareness among people to take an aspirin if they tend to have a TIA or a minor stroke like sudden-onset unfamiliar neurological symptoms, which could be beneficial in addressing this problem especially if timely treatment is not available.

According to Dr Dale Webb, Director of Research and Information at the Stroke Association states that a TIA is a medical emergency and an urgent neurological assessment needs to be pursued. The research shows that taking aspirin after TIA can dramatically reduce the risk and severity of further stroke. The findings recommend that anyone having symptoms that are improving while they have been waiting for medical attention could, if they can, take one dose of 300 mg aspirin.

Could 3D Printed Organs Be Medicine Next Grisly Black Market

Credit:Eduard Lysenko

Shortage of Organ Transplant – An International Crisis

Global shortage of human organs still tends to prevail in spite of the world’s successful transplant that had taken place more than sixty years ago. Around 49,000 people in the UK had suffered on the list of transplant in the past years with over 6,000 people comprising of children who had lost their life due to the waiting period.

Shortage of organs for transplant has been an international crisis and one which has created some shocking temporary resolutions. In 2007, after the disclosure of China’s state sponsored system of harvesting organs from prisoners, David Matas, human rights lawyer and activist David Kilgour had recently updated their incendiary report claiming that the practice tends to continue till date in spite of the claims to the contrary by the state.

The Mohan Foundation, an NGO in India, set up to extend awareness of the illegal organ trade, tends to receive regular enquiries from prospective donors who perceive a `spare’ kidney as their way out of poverty. Iran, the only country in the world with an official organ selling program has been a state-sanctioned flow of kidneys up the socio-economic ladder from the despairing and poor to the despairing and the rich.

Bioprinting – Use of Specialist 3D Printers

However for those reluctant in entering the black market as `transplant tourists’ there seems to be some hope in the form of printed organs together with medical devices. Bioprinting is the use of specialist 3D printers in creating cellular scaffolds wherein further cells can be grown, is being utilised in producing hearts, livers, and kidneys together with other kinds of human tissue in the laboratories.

Out-dated 3D printing is being utilised in creating prototypes of all things from wheelchairs to exoskeletons. As the medical printing technologies tend to be more universal and the barriers to entry tends to get lower, an accustomed question seems to prop up on how can weensure that criminals do not begin filling the gaps in the market with low-cost, low-quality knock-offs?

Dr Bertalan Mesko, medical futurist as well as author of My Health Upgraded: Revolutionary Technologies to Bring a Healthier Future informed Wired that `the issue will not be whether these technologies could solve medical issues or whether it is affordable or whether it is disruptive enough. The question is how the bad guys would find ways of using these technologies in an unsafe and unregulated manner.

Bioprinting Mainstream Practice – Access to Technology – Good Price

Mesko is said to be a self-described optimist on the medical printing topicand his anxiety is in the slow working of the present day medical regulatory bodies. Should a 3D printing technology be attained and are disseminated quickly, then the healthcare providers would be flooding the market with inexpensive and possibly incredible treatments.

 If they tend to come up in fits and starts, then the other welfareswould attempt to plug the gap. Mesko had mentioned that as usual, there seems to be illegal means of getting organs to those in need and when bioprinting becomes a mainstream practice in medicine, then the criminals would come up with their own solutions. If bioprinting becomes a mainstream system, then anyone could have access to the technology for a good price.

If one can print out an organ established on the stem cells of the patient in a short span of time, it would be a normal element of healthcare and there would be no reason to print organs in a criminal manner. Mesko admits that in the West where most of the people tend to have access to at least a comparatively comprehensive healthcare, the patients are less possible to take risks by seeking help from organised crime or black-market organs.

Printed Knock-offs of Medical Devices

He further stated that a more reasonable scenario is that printed knock-offs of medical devices especially would start to show up in poorer countries, in the same manner counterfeit drugs presently seems to be predominant but not exclusively a third world issue.

He also added that if one is in a wheelchair in the West, then they could turn to an insurance company in order to avail an exoskeleton, which is a robotic structure around the limbs that tend to assist you to walk again. However an exoskeleton is priced at around ten thousand dollars presently. The purpose why it is so, is that in order these devices need to be approved and to be safe and regulated.

 However there could be some criminal gangs who would utilise cheap 3D printer to print parts of the exoskeleton, creating something which could do almost the same functions though without it being regulated. Those who do not tend to have good insurance plan or have no access to these innovations in poorercountries could resort to turn to these criminals. They would want to walk again though would not be in a position to approve of the methods.

Imperfection Solution Better than Nothing

This would be a position for the bad guys. Printing medical devices beside human tissues tend be an enormous specialist procedure. In the near future, the technical obstacles would buy regulatory authorities time to choose what, how and when to make the best of these disruptive technologies accessible.

Nevertheless, Mesko states that unless these technologies are made reasonable and generally distributed they would not be disruptive sufficient. Criminal alternative would seem to look more interesting if patients from poorer countries tend to learn that there are treatments accessible somewhere else and those treatments are excessively expensive.

 Mesko informs that an imperfection solution could be better than nothing at all. However when it comes to one’s own health, you would not take the risk if you learn that there are some good inexpensive solutions available to the person. Currently the reason why some of the individuals seem to risk their lives with the illegal organ market is because they get it this way or they tend to die and that seems to be the perfect option.

The majority of the individuals would be able to gain access to these technologies from traditional healthcare methods if systematic frameworks are adequately quick. However for the rest, they could always resort to search for a solution.

New Capsule Achieves Long Term Drug Delivery

Medical science has undergone massive development over the last few decades. The tag of “incurable” has been removed from many hazardous diseases. The treatment techniques have improved manifold and many new drugs are now available which have increased the lifespan of humans in general. One of the recent remarkable inventions in the field of medical science is the capsule for long-term drug delivery.

This miraculous invention by the researchers at MIT is a capsule that stays in stomach for about two weeks and continues to release its contents during its stay inside the body. This has been tested to aid malaria. Though the invention is still in cradle at present, the researchers and inventors have firm belief that it drugs can be designed to cure many other diseases like diabetes, epilepsy, HIV and neuropsychiatric disorders.

The November, 2016 issue of “Science Translational Medicine”, the researchers of MIT described a drug called ivermectin. They believe this drug has the potential to eliminate malaria.

THE LONG TERM DELIVERY-WHAT DOES IT ACTUALLY MEAN AND HOW IS IT BETTER? 

Drugs that are taken orally are active only for a limited period of time. When the taken medicine passes through the body, they are hampered by the harsh environments inside the stomach and intestines.

The new invention of long term capsule solves all the above said problems. Ivermectin kills any mosquito that bites a person who has taken the medicine. In this way, a huge population of people, irrespective of the fact whether they are infected or not, residing in a malaria prone area, can be treated to eradicate malaria.

The research has led to the establishment of a new company, Lyndra. It is a Cambridge based company whose prime motive is to improve the newly developed drug.

THE DRUG 

In order to achieve long term drug delivery, the researchers had to make sure that the drug is designed in such a way so as to fight the harsh environment inside the stomach and intestines. The capsule is meant to break down after releasing the drug and pass through the digestive tract thereafter.

Thus, a star shaped structure was developed with six arms that are flexible enough to be folded and encapsulated inside a smooth capsule. The arms are made up of a rigid polymer called polycaprolactone. The arms are loaded with drug molecules. The arms are attached by a linker to a rubbery core that is meant to break down eventually after the drug release.

The outer layer of the capsule gets dissolved once it is swallowed, thereby allowing the six arms to unfold. After the expansion of the star, it becomes large enough to resist any force that would otherwise force it down the digestive tract. However, it does not block the digestive tract.

INFERENCE 

The drug has been tested on pigs and has been successful. It may take long before it is launched into the market. However, once it is launched, it can be easily called as one of the major milestones in the history of medical science.

Gear up for the Colder Days: Online Winter Shopping on YEPME

With winter, just around the corner, stock up on winter wears for women/men in cotton, wool and many other warm materials. Some of the top designers for winter wear include: Balman, Alberto Biani, Marni, Moschino, Neil Albert, Plein Sud, Missoni and the list continues. The customers can strive to be extremely unique and special by choosing several from among the listed cutting edge winter wears on Yepme.

Yepme provides a very large sale in winters especially on jackets. It has exquisite range of winter clothing that sooths the customer eyes. Almost all the shoping sites have exclusive range of summer wear and that too in a bunch but when it comes to the winter wear they provide quite smaller range for the same. Yepme of course has a huge and wide range of winter collection.

Some of the varieties in winter collection that Yepme has are given below:

•  Winter jackets - Wool jackets are excellent fashion statements for the season since people remain insulated from the cold weather. A good jacket should be warm and trendy. There are various colors to choose on Yepme .Dollhouse and DKNY offer classic pleated lines of jackets including overcoats, down jackets. They come fitted with a snug and cozy hood lined with fur to keep people warm. There is a wide choice for various occasions like a weekend or work week to stock up your wardrobe. A leather jacket with a thick liner that can prove excellent for stopping on Yepme. In the months of February and March there is some rebate on the jackets as well. 
•  Winter trousers – Yepme has a variety of warm trousers that are nice for walking around during winter. Some have several pockets for essentials as well. A good winter trouser has full length polyester lining to ensure even more warmth during the season. Jeans trousers are also great for winter and are available on Yepme. They are good in keeping a warm layer of air around your legs during winter. Choose the one that is not too tight and specifically designed for winter. Trespass, Crag-hoppers and Regatta are some of the renowned makers of quality winter lined trousers and have exclusive offers on the site. There is a scheme of 50% rebate on winter trousers during winters 
•  Winter accessories – Accessories come in different shapes and styles like mufflers, scarf’s, benny etc. Scarves make people look great apart from keeping you warm. Winter hats are good to keep head warm. Yepme has almost all the national and international brands for these accessories with a very reasonable rate. 
•  Footwear– Yepme has a wonderful collection of footwear as well like sports shoes, long boots, and bellies for women, sandals, formal shoes etc. Brands like Puma, Nike, and Forever 21etc are available with discounts.

Offers on Yepme

1.  Yepme provides coupons for shopping. These are available online and have many offers. People can easily shop using these coupons. 
2.  The online application available on the play store has a large number of advantages. People who download the app get some of the coupons free but only at the time of offer. 
3.  There is a time when all the well known brands have special discount on Yepme. Almost all the brands have 50% discount. 
4.  The site has buy 1 get 1 scheme as well especially on the festive season.

The rates and rebates on the products and clothes for winter are very reasonable on Yepme. The shopping site has exclusive range of all the items that are necessary for winters. Almost all the new and well-known brands are available on Yepme.
When considering winter wears, there is an enormous amount of options on Yepme. The products look and feel great when matched correctly with proper accessories. There is an incredible selection of women/men winter wears available for the customers on Yepme to buy.
Yepme has a very easy delivery service. There are many options available like online payment and cash on delivery as well. The items are delivered on almost accurate date.

What Is Cryogenic Preservation

Cryopreservation – Process to Protect Body from Decay

Cryopreservation is said to be a process wherein any living cells, tissues organs or the whole body is protected from decay by storing them at tremendously low temperatures. The purpose is to reserve them for unlimited period of time till the rest of science catches up and technology is made available to revive them bringing them back to life and probably cure the condition which had affected them.

Such a type of technology does not seem to exist. As per Cryonics Institute, which is an US organization that tends to provide the service, the main focus is to provide people with another chance of life and prolong the human lifespans.

However, scientists working with cryopreservation are skeptical to work on smaller scales for research purposes. Clinical senior lecturers in reproductive endocrinology at Imperial College London, Dr Channa Jayasena commented in a statement that `it is currently science fiction to suggest that a person could be brought back to life in future even considering technological advances.

 Cryonics has risks for the patients, poses ethical issue for society, and is very expensive though has no proven advantage. If this was a drug, it would never get approved.

Three Main Steps

According to the Cryonics Institute, the process tends to comprise of three main steps when someone has been declared legally dead. At first the body is instantly placed in an ice bath and a ventilation mask is utilised to provide constant oxygen to the organs of the body especially the brain.

 The anticoagulant heparin together with automated CPR is used for blood circulation while the body temperature is monitored in order to make sure of gradual reduction. Then the body is vitrified which means that the cells together with the organs are equipped for ultra-low temperature which they will encounter.

This tends to involve replacement of the fluid in the body with injected cryoprotective agents which act as an antifreeze thereby protecting the body from facing damage of being frozen.The body is now prepared for the cold, a process of controlled cooling starts and this is the concluding step before the long-term storage and slowly further cooling of the body.

Reviving/Cure/Treat – Ailment

The body is then placed in a protective insulating bag and thereafter in a cooling box wherein liquid nitrogen is fed in at a steady pace. This process takes place gradually over many days till the body reaches a temperature of -200 degrees Celsius.

Before or after the second stage, the bodies could be transported to the nearest storage facility to complete the process. When it is ready for storage, the body is placed in a liquid nitrogen vessel which is known as cryostate and these vessels do not have any electricity and hence are not affected by any power outages. Companies tend to offer the choice of cryopreservation with the belief that science, technology as well as medicine would one day be capable of reviving patients and also cure or treat the ailment which had killed them and give them another chance at life.

 The Cryonics Institute is of the belief that it would enable people to `buy time till technology is available and thus heal and restore the human body.

Tips and tricks to crack Quant Section of CAT

Master your basics if you need to clear quant section of CAT 2016. All the tricks to conquer quants of CAT 2016 revolves around the basics of quantitative aptitude. Once you are done with the basics, set yourself to solve previous year CAT question papers. In the quant section of CAT, questions are formed from the topics such as number system, geometry, simple and compound Interest, profit and loss, quadratic & linear equation, algebra, permutation and combination, ratio & proportion, time & work and trigonometry. Time management is the most important factor in the preparation strategy of CAT 2016. Without time management, you will not be able to cover all the portions which you should, in order to get high scores in CAT exam.

Quant is one such sections that can get your score up easily if you have a strong quantitative base and proper amount of practice. You can as well solve the practice papers in real exam mode i.e. by setting the time limit and atmosphere like actual CAT exam. Quant is all technical and so, there is no theoretical portion to learn or to grasp. Quant is all about formulas and practice. Solving questions of different kind can give you an idea about the application of correct formulas or theorems instantly and it ultimately helps in saving the time during the paper.

Tips and Tricks

You can try out following tips and tricks to tackle with quants section of CAT 2016:

• Build up your basic concepts
  First and foremost, thing is to build up your basic knowledge of quantitative ability concepts. Only this can help you in solving more questions in less time. You must not skip any topic with the mind that I can skip the questions based on a particular topic. Each section is equally important and crucial. You must at least have the basic knowledge of each section so that no question goes out without an attempt 
• Prefer a planned approach
  Make a schedule according to the CAT syllabus. Pinpoint your weak and strong areas and allot the time accordingly. Give more time or days to the weaker sections of the CAT 2016 and relatively less time to the stronger areas. With unplanned approach, it sometime happens that you miss out some of the topics or sections, but with a planned approach you can keep record of all the sections you have prepared and the ones which are still left out 
• Watch out for Data Interpretation
  It usually happens that students take data interpretation very lightly and don’t give ample time to the said section. But this can be proved as a huge mistake, as the particular section of data interpretation needs relatively more time and practice than any other sub-section of quant in CAT 2016. So, give more time to DT even if you feel you need not to. Solve as much questions of data interpretation as you can, brush up your concepts of data interpretation. 
• Shortcuts are superficial
   There is no shortcut to help you out in quants. Only shortcut to solve quants is clear concepts and practice work. Only strong concepts and practice work can help you out in solving questions without wasting much time during CAT 2016. Practicing all types of question gives you an insight about the nature of question and that helps you in applying the right formula and in solving the question without wasting much time. So, forget shortcuts and sharpen your mind 
•  Little black book of learning
  Jot down anything and everything you find useful. You can make a little diary of any important formula or concept which you feel important and that there is a need for you to remember that particular formula or concept. Keep revising those notes whenever you find time to. This little black of learning can prove to be of a great help in sharpening your knowledge of formulas, concepts and definitions 
•  Previous year papers
  Solving previous year papers is one of the most important things you can do to prepare for quants section of CAT 2016. This can give you a clear idea about the type and level of questions that are asked in CAT exam. Along with that, solving previous year papers can let you calculate the time you take to solve one question. And so, you can practice and improve your speed of solving questions. Sometimes, it happens that we do prepare and practice a lot but not in the right direction. This direction to solve right level and kind of questions that are asked in CAT 2016 is given by previous year papers 
•  No scope for stress
  Taking stress of syllabus and time is not going to help you in any way. Stay focused and keep your cool so that your mind can concentrate completely on the preparation of quants. Stress can create confusion for you in the application of right formula at the right time, which is a very important factor while dealing with quants section of CAT 2016.

Cough Variant Asthma

Cough Variant Asthma - Dry Non-Productive Cough

A person suffering from Cough Variant Asthma - CVA is a kind of asthma wherein the patient tends to have a dry non-productive cough. With regards to other types of asthma, patient with cough variant asthma tends to have no traditional asthma symptoms such as wheezing or shortness of breath. Though CVA does not have many symptoms with regular asthma, it tends to affect the body in many related ways such as

•  Increase the risk of emerging allergic diseases 
•  Increase sensitivity of the airways 
•  Narrows as well as swells the airways disrupting the flow of air

Generally classic asthma tends to have more grave consequences than CVA but around 30 to 40% of the adults with cough variant asthma seem to develop classic asthma. Hence it is important to identify the signs and symptoms in order to have a timely treatment.

If cough variant asthma is not treated in time it could progress into classic asthma and though cough variant asthma is not serious, classic asthma could be rather risky. Besides cough the symptoms comprise of difficulty in breathing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing and asthma attacks wherein the air is unable to reach the lungs owing to the narrowing of the airways.Causes of cough variant asthma is not made clear but it tends to appear after exposure to allergens, breathing in cold air, due to upper respiratory infection such as sinusitis, taking beta blockers a kind of drug which is used in treating high blood pressure, heart disease, migraine and aspirin. A connection between asthma and allergies is present and around 80% of all asthma patients also tend to have nasal allergies.

Immunology Link

Since allergies are the outcome of the immune system overreacting to a substance which should not usually result in a reaction, there could also be an immunology link to cough variant asthma. Some may be at a great risk of suffering from cough variant asthma together with the other allergic diseases. Being aware of the risk factors for this disease and if the patient is suffering from it, it could help the doctor in making a diagnosis. Some of the risk factors comprise of:

•  Suffering from another allergic condition 
•  Having regular asthma 
•  Having a relative suffering from asthma 
•  Being overweight 
•  Smoking or exposure to cast-off smoke 
•  Exposure to environmental or occupational irritants

Treatment for cough variant asthma is said to be the same as in the case of classic asthma though the treatment may differ and could comprise a mixture of the following:

•  Inhaled corticosteroid or inhale anti-inflammatory drugs which tends to ease and prevent 
•  Rescue inhalers or inhalers which tend to lessen inflammation rapidly when an asthma attack arises 
•  Combination inhalers which combine both preventive medicines as well as fast-responding medicines 
•  Preventive oral medications which work in keeping the airways open

The best treatment is avoiding cough variants asthma symptoms from flaring up. People who have been prescribed medication for prevention of asthma symptoms need to observe the instructions provided by their physicians to prevent episodes and to keep it from worsening. Precautions also needs to be taken to lessen the risk of developing asthma and to lower the risk, one should have a healthy weight, be aware of their personal risk factors, manage any allergic conditions correctly and quit smoking.They should also avoid cast-off smoke together with other environmental as well as occupational irritants.

Hair Straighteners Pose Child Burn Risk

Hair straightener threat

Joshua, who is only 10 months old is 1 out of 100 children to be admitted in hospital who suffer from burns caused by hair straighteners. The straightener fell off the table and on his harm causing a burn. It had just been switch off but was yet very hot. The burn units from the UK say that one in every twenty cases of children being admitted for child burns the previous year were due to hair straighteners. As a result, the ask parents to be cautious.

Thinner skin

Data from the database of the international burns injury illustrate that there were three hundred and ninety two children admitted in UK in the year 2015 to the specialist unit for calamities that were caused by hair straighteners.

Electrical Safety First a charity says that most of the calamities happen when children reach for or end up touching hair straighteners that are still hot. Hair straighteners and curling irons have the potential to reach upto the temperature of 235 degree Celsius and maintain their temperature up to forty minutes even after power supply is cut off. Emma Apter from the same charity stated that parents tend to run from pillar to post in the day and even though they would not prefer to add on more tasks, it is necessary to keep hair straigteners out of the way of toddlers.

We advice manufacturing companies to take into consideration steps to grant safer protective measures by granting a better way of storage for their respective products. From the Children’s Burns Trust, Paul Fuller cautioned that since the skin of children tend to be about fifteen times thinner than those of adults therefore they are more prone to have severe burns.

He also said that a burn caused to a child may require years of continuous surgeries as the toddler ages, as damaged tissue does not multiply to form a new layer of skin. Fortunately for Joshua the burns are in the process of healing post 3 weeks being in a bandage. His mother named Josie said that the doctors will keep an eye on his arm and observe if any scarring will occur.

She is now at ease as her son is now playing like before and makes use of his arm like before. She also mentioned that was in shock and immediately began panicking when the incident took place. The whole thing happened in a jiffy. She was getting ready to leave for work and had switched off the straightener and placed it on a table out of his reach.

Joshua had just began to crawl and she misjudged how swiftly he could get to the table. He ended up pulling the cord and as a result the hot straightener fell. She was not aware that the straightener could remain so hot even when they were turned off. The awareness about this should be made and spread so such calamities can be kept at bay.

Serious burns – what to do:

• Immediately place burned area under running cold water for at least 20 minutes and get rid of all jewellery and clothes except if its melted or has stuck to the skin. 
• Cover the area which is burnt with Clingfilm or a germ free dressing.

NHS not Transgender-Friendly Enough, Says Nurse

NHS upsets transgender patients

A nurse who works in a hospital and is also a transgender patient claims that the NHS fails to meet the expectations of both adults and children who are transgender. 53 year old Kirsty Cass labours at hospital in southern part of England. She was a patient of NHS undergoing a gender reassignment surgery in 2012. She said that when she regained consciousness she recollected a staff member referring to her as a “he” and found it demoralising.

She told BBC News she was a female and there was another patient who had the same surgery as her and told her that she was referred to by one of the assists as ‘mate’ and was not what patients need. After a few years, Kirsty went to another NHS hospital, to get a biopsy done for the possibility of cancer. Luckily, the tests were negative, but she had a very stressful stay in the ward yet again. She was taken back to the male ward. The nurse on duty seated at a desk looked at her and questioned why a female was brought into that ward. She was petrified and felt so embarrassed that she burst into tears.

According to the professional union the Royal College of Nursing, transgender patients more or less face such predisposition and face an absence of being understood very often. It conducted a survey comprising of about one thousand two hundred nurse staff and discovered that a small number of them were taught well in this area. About seventy six per cent stated that further training was needed for all staff dealing with health care in order to improve care.

One of the nurses took care of a girl who wished to be a boy and nobody in the ward had an idea so as to what to say or do. So she took this chance to have a word with the patients, and they felt pleased that someone asked them how they would like to be addressed and took out some time to speak with them about the same.

Transgender

Gender can go further than basic anatomy is about the way an individual classifies themselves. They may look like a female but feel like a man or it could be the other way round. Some people also would consider calling themselves genderless.

A discrepancy between genders can be stressful. And when such is the situation, it is then a medical circumstance called as gender dysphoria. It is not connected to gender, and being transgender does not necessarily make one queer.

Some people may ask to be treated with the help of hormones or may opt for surgery to enhance their bodily appearance while yet some may not do so. The government claimed to work on developing and to excel staff training in this area.

The RCN created supervision called Fair Care for Transpatients that give best training. It states that the preference of each patient should be taken into consideration whilst trying to determine which gender ward they must be assigned to.

The Self Healing Needle Plugs Its Own Puncture Wound After an Injection

Hypodermic Syringe – Eliminating Fear of Needles

Scientists have now come up with hypodermic syringe, thereby eliminating the fear of needles which some of us tend to have regarding needles. This hypodermic syringe tends to seal the hole it leaves behind after it has been removed. The needle is said to be coated in a film that physically plugs the gap left in a vein when it is removed. This breakthrough has come from an improbable quarter, the mussel.

The ability of the shellfish to stick to a surface in the wet has inspired the adhesive material utilised on the syringe. This discovery would be helpful in preventing a huge variety of issues due to bleeding under the skin. Those who would be benefiting from this discovery would be people whose blood does not clot correctly. These comprise of people suffering from haemophilia, diabetes and those with the advanced stage of cancer.

According to the authors from the Korean Institute of Technology, the bleeding triggered by hypodermic syringes when removed also tends to induce a `certain degree of psychological fear’. Moreover the bleeding could also cause bruises which could prevent further therapeutic injections. Several routine surgical operations as in the case of plastic surgery need to be avoided with people suffering from blood clotting problems if they tend to suffer uncontrolled bleeding.

Haemostatic Needles

Substitutes to syringes seem to be few, with the options of micro needle patches and oral and nasal delivery. The main obstacle in overcoming by the team had been in getting the sealant gel to grip the needle and thereafter to completely seal the puncture area on removal.

The team utilised polymers known as catecholics in order to overcome this issue which had been motivated by those used by mussels to grip the rocks. The polymer film on the needle is transformed to an adhesive thin gel like substance which shows instant self-sealing of the pricked vessels, which results in total prevention of bleeding for normal as well as haemophilia animal models.

The authors ended that they had developed haemostatic needles which are capable of completely preventing blood loss following tissue puncture, thereby showing significant promise for use in patients with conditions affecting haemostatic and those with infectious blood-borne diseases.

Sir Christopher Wren – Unlikely Pioneer in Syringe

The word syringe comes from Greek mythology. Syrinx, a chaste nymph had been chased to the edge of the waters and disguised herself as water reeds. Galen, the famous Greek surgeon had known about syringes and being inspired by how the snakes tend to transmit venom and how they were used to administer ointments though not intravenously.

Sir Christopher Wren, the architect in the 17th century, an unlikely pioneer in syringes carried out experiments on dogs utilising goose quills and pigs bladders to inject them with opium and wine. Alexander Wood, Scottish surgeon of Edinburg, has been credited with pioneering the new hypodermic syringe with the combination of a hollow steel needle together with a proper syringe in injecting morphine in a human.

He together with his wife had been addicted to injecting morphine and his wife had apparently been the first person to die of a drug overdose.

Prescribing Holidays Could Help Fight Infections

Leisure to boost immunity

Lingering on a beach could boost our immunity and thus prove to be good for health. Researchers are inspecting if recommending holidays, listening to songs or an alteration of scene may trigger better immunity and help humans fight against diseases.

They ran test on mice where they found that by making their space of living neater and smarter looking, with the help of toys, colourful vivid boxes or a wheel for running, could create marvels for their T cells. T cells play a vital role in immunity and help in protecting the body against foreign substances that enter the body and hamper with the system. Researchers from Queen Mary University in London alleged that the same situation should be set up for human trials.

In their research, the mice residing in enhanced environments of a bigger cage with ample stimulations in comparison with old cages which are simple were discovered to be better fighters against diseases and infections. Greater levels of molecules those are good at reacting to infections originated in their white blood corpuscles.

'Holiday resort'

The lead researcher at QMUL, Prof Fulvio D’Acquisto said that the effect seen is noteworthy as there have been no drugs administered for the study. All they did was changed their housing assembly. One could say that the team had just put the mice in the same of their holiday inn for 14 days and observed them while they let them revel in their new and interesting environment.

In a different test conducted on mice having diseases, he found out that even minute changes in bedding had some effect on their well-being Providing them with blankets of better quality and offer a more relaxed sleeping environment indicated that their illness was reduced from 4 days to only 2 days.

With regards to the immune system in humans, it is yet not known how the surrounding we exist in has an effect in the primary defence mechanism in the body to fight against diseases. But what is believed is that aspects such as contamination, site, mental state and social prominence could also have a role to play.

Body boost

Prof D’Acquisto also states that researches display that there is some sort of connection between immune and emotional response. As of now no one is aware of how this works but a concept is that an increased degree of emotions can boost the performance of bone marrow, which in return gets greater nutrients, thus improving the body’s immunity.

He suggests that people should consider what they can do to reason their emotions and to not pretend that everyone is the same. People should not try to suppress their personality and should accept the differences and question what can they do to make themselves happier than they are and whether they should make some changes for the way they live?

Whether it is a stroll on the beach or by even a small thing which is rejuvenating, Prof D’Acquisto is curious to find out if the health of patients could be enhanced by creating minute changes to our surrounding.

Common Painkillers Increase Heart Failure Risk

Pain killers to kill heart? 

A recent study indicates that consuming common types of painkillers is connected to the fact of having a high risk of heart failure. Naproxen, diclofenac and ibuprofen are non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs called NSAIDs which are used frequently to deal with inflammation and to subside pain.

The British Medical Journal study observed ten million people, who aged 77 when taken an average, who consumed the pain killers. Experts from the UK believe that the results had some significance for many of those who were under the age of 65, but would be a concern for those who were aged.

The study evaluated data for ten million consumers who resided in the UK, Italy, Germany and Netherlands and equated them with people who did not consume this form of drug. In Italy from the University of Milano-Bicocca, the researchers established that the consumption of NSAIDs could amplify the threat of being admitted to a hospital for the case of a heart failure by 19 per cent.

As majority of the participants in the test were older and those who were on NSAIDs were generally having a poor health the experts from UK believe that their results had a small amount of applicability for many of the those under 65 years, but is a matter of concern for the older patients.

'Use with caution'

The British Heart Foundation or BHF advised that patients should take a lower dose that they can of the NSAIDs for a shortest period of time. Medical officer at the BHF Prof Peter Weissberg said that the enormous study based on the act of recognizing and noting down facts underlines researches conducted previously which displayed that few NSAIDs which is a set of drugs usually taken by people suffering from pain in their joints, upturn the chances of developing heart failure.

It is commonly known by all now for some years that these kind of drugs need to be used carefully especially for those who are a great risk or even have heart related problems. This is relevant majorly to those who depend on painkillers frequently and have them on a daily basis instead of once in a blue moon.

Since joint and heart problems are co related, especially in the aged, the test stands as a cue to those who practice medicine to cautiously contemplate how NSAIDs are prescribed to patients by them and also to patients that they must consider taking an effective dose but in the least possible amount for a shorter period of time. Their treatment should be discussed with their GP to clear all matters of concern.

Younger patients

At the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, consultant pharmacist Helen Williams mentioned on BBC Radio 4’s Today program that the aim required to be on the group of people who were older with problems and conditions that would make them prone to an elevated risk of heart failure anyhow.

She said that it is in those patients who suffer from diabetes, abnormal blood pressure or even kidney problems, that when they add on these certain drugs there is a chance that there could be a slight increase in risks. From the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, professor of pharmaco epidemiology Stephen Evans declared that the effect is that it is of much less importance to many of those who are below 65 years of age and are yet popping painkillers, but for those who are above the age of 80 and are really very old, the consequences are of great importance.

Ms Williams advised that the younger group of people who consume short doses of ibuprofen for instance may not necessarily be concerned. On the other hand she did notify against the younger patients who take the drug on a regular basis. If these drugs are taken intermittently mostly like for instance people suffer from normal headaches or pain, injuries due to sport activities etc, then this matter might not be of so much concern for them.

But she also adds that she thinks she would say that if a person is a youngster who would probably buy this kind of drugs regularly and keep taking them effectively and all the time, then that person should be directed by their clinician as there are many other matters related to the drug that people would want to keep an eye out for. For instance, matters concerning their kidneys.

Ms William later also mentioned that it is necessary that it was for the appropriate reason that painkillers we buy from retail stores with no needed prescription or license. Ibuprofen are drugs which are anti-inflammatory and so if a person’s muscle has been injured it is expected to be inflamed and in that situation only ibuprofen can be administered as it is right. However, if someone has a headache it is not likely that they will be having an inflammation issue, and hence paracetamol is acceptable.

First Three Person Baby Born Using New Method

3 people’s person 

New scientists disclose that the world’s first ever baby has been given birth to with the help of a latest three person fertility method. The 5 month old baby boy has the natural DNA construct from his biological parents to which a tad bit of a genetic code was added from a donor. Doctors from the US took the extraordinary step to make sure the little boy would not have any condition caused genetically that his biological mother from Jordan has in her own genes.

Researchers say that this step proclaims a new period in the field of medicine and could positively be of aid to other families having conditions genetic related which occur rarely. However they also notified that thorough checks will be needed for this new technique they came up with which they named as mitochondrial donation. Though this is not the first instance that scientists have made babies that receive the DNA from 3 different people, that was taken in the late 1990s, but yet is stands as a completely original and substantial technique.

Three person babies

Inside almost every cell of the body are tiny edifices, known as mitochondria which is the power house of the cell. Its main motive is to break down food to convert it into energy. Some ladies are born with genetic defects in their mitochondria which can be passed on to their successors.

In the situation regarding the Jordanian family, there was a condition called Leigh Syndrome that would have demonstrated fatality to any foetus conceived. This family had previously been through the heart breaking experience of having 4 miscarriages along with the loss of two of their children one when aged at eight months and thesecond at the age of 6.

Leigh syndrome

Experts have developed various methods for fertility to help such families in need. The team from the US travelled all the way to Mexico to conduct the procedure as there were no legal restrictions there that banned it, and chose a protocol that extracts the entire necessary needed DNA from the egg from the mother along with mitochondria in good health from the egg from the donor to produce a healthy fresh egg that could be crossed with the sperm from the father.

The outcome of this is an offspring having only 0.1% of the donor’s DNA which is the mitochondrial DNA and the rest of characters and features like colour of hair and eyes come from the biological parents. Medical director Dr John Zhang along with his colleagues at the New Hope Fertility Centre situated in New York practiced a procedure to create 5 embryos out of which only 1 developed like the normal ones. The UK has now approved of laws to permit the making of babies from 3 people.

However, the science behind this study does raise moral questions, inclusive of how such children created by this technique may feel about having their DNA from 3 people. Experts in the field of fertility believe that it is important to move ahead to new horizons but then again with caution. Some people have probed whether we are currently only hearing about the achievement story while unsuccessful trials could be not yet told of. A member of the team at Newcastle University, Prof Alison Murdoch has been the lead of the 3 person IVF effort in the UK. She said that the rendition of the donation of mitochondria for the purpose of clinical protocol is not a race but an aim to be attained with care so that it is safe and reproducible.

Yet some critics give and take that the study is negligent. From the prochoice team Human Genetics Alert Dr David King says that it is simply heinous that the people disregarded the careful approach of US regulators and conducted the study In Mexico, because they believe they know best. He also asked a rhetorical question saying, since when is an unsophisticated ‘saving lives is the proper thing to do’ a stable medical principal approach, particularly when there are no lives saved? Dr Zhang, along with his team of experts mention that all questions regarding the same will be answered once they present their conclusions and results at a summit held in October in the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.

From the University of Kent, Prof Darren Griffin who is an expert in the field of Genetics commented that the study paves the way for a new time in pre attaching genetics and signifies innovative methods for treating those families that are prone to transmit any kind of disease genetically. With the help of new fundamental treatment procedures like this one for instance, thought provoking moral issues always arise, all the same any apprehensions need to be well adjusted against a complex or unwelcomed consequence of not applying this type of technology when families are genuinely in need of it.

One in Six Young People Eat Fast Food Twice a Day

Meal without meat is not a meal

As stated by the a survey of the nation’s habits on eating, one out of every six young individuals consume fast food two times a day. It was found by the  Good Food Nation Survey that on an average majority of the people ate fast food for two days out of seven.

However, in the category of people between the ages of 16 to 20 years, 1 in every 6 individual had fast food at least two times in a day and between 21 to 34 years old, one out of eight people consumed the same as often. A test was conducted in which more than five thousand people found that 50 per cent of them were under the apprehension that if a meal does not include meat, then it is not a meal.

Yet, the same amount of people were not aware as of how much meat would be a recommendable daily amount. No more than 70 grams a day which is the same as 2 and a half bacon rashers should be consumed as advised by the Department of Health. But almost 1 in every 4 individual believed that the amount of meat advised was at least two times of it. The study found that 21 per cent of men and 32 per cent of men and women between the ages of 16 to 21 years consumed meat at a minimum 3 times a day.

A characteristic adult currently consumes meat no less than twice a day and as a result has only six days a month without meat consumption. Brand editor of BBC Good food Christine Hayes said that the study portrayed that getting confused about the quantity of meat one can relish while they still consume a balanced healthy diet can be easy. She also comments that the people who eat meat can still prepare a Sunday roast and consume the infrequent steak when composed with some dishes free of meat.

Social media influence

Through the study it was found that 2 out of 5 individuals between the age of 21 and 34 had uploaded a picture of a meal they prepared on social media sites like Instagram. Another person being a third uploaded a photo of a dish they had bought in a restaurant. Nearly one 1 of 3 people would feel motivated to prepare a meal subsequently seeing the picture on social networking sites. Likewise, in that age group around 43 per cent accessed the internet on their smartphones to find recipes and 26 per cent would move step by step a recipe on video through their phones. The same number of people were inclined by YouTube when buying food.

Skipping meals

In the midst of other results of the study in excess of a quarter adults more or less always avoided having breakfast. 1 out of 4 said that they would skip breakfast majority of the time when it was about those between the ages of 21 and 34. The individuals belonging to this group were also the one most prone to avoid their lunch as well.

Evidence for a Limit to Human Lifespan

Longevity

Scientists from the US claim that the human life span may extend only up to the maximum of 115 years. As published in the Journal Nature, their results were completed by examining more than 10 years of data on prolonged existence of humans.

They reckon that a few rare people may have the opportunity to live a long life, but chances are so poor that one would have to scrub ten thousand earths to search for a single 125 year old. However though few researchers have applauded the study, others have termed it as a miserable sham.

The average period that a person may expect to live has been rising unremittingly since the 19th century due to favourable conditions like vaccinations, safer methods of child birth and fighting against lethal conditions like cancer and heart related issues. The group in New York studied data from the database of Human Mortality and the demises of people significantly older than 100 years of age, typically one who has reached the age of 110 in countries like UK, Japan, US and France.

The data displayed a rise in expectancy of life were slowing down in those above 110 years of age and that the highest age of death had reach a state of little or no change after a period of rise and fall for a minimum of 20 years. One of the researchers from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Prof Jan Vijg mentioned on the BBC News website that in case of people over the age of 105 the progress they make is very less, which shows that they are possibly approaching the maximum point to human life.

For the very first time in so many years they have been able to view this, it looks like a limit span of life is of 115 years of age. It is near to impossible to cross beyond that age. We would require ten thousand worlds like earth to find a single individual in a particular year who will exists until 125, showing a very little chance.

The oldest person

The oldest person Jeanne Calment, whose age can be traced back by official documents, was 122 years of age when she passed away in the year 1997. The French representative symbol of longevity was given birth to before the construction of the Eiffel Tower and also came across Vincent van Gogh the famous painter. Since her nobody has gotten close to the age she lived for.

The director of UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing Prof Dame Linda Partridge proclaimed that a boundary to lifespan has to exist logically. But to source she said that even though the paper being very interesting narrates what is happening, it fails to describe the things that will occur.

The pick of those above 110 in the study were influenced by infection and malnutrition in their younger days tracing back in the nineteenth century. Only in 1980 smallpox was declared as eradicated. It was definitely very unique to what the present group of people being born in a particular period will go through, however it would then be somewhat negative as many children have turned obese and that could hamper lifespan.

Travesty

The 115 year statement is a lot for the director of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Prof James Vaupel. He defined the study as a miserable sham and stated that researchers had in history determined the limit to be 65, 85 and 105 years only to be proved incorrect again and again.

He mentioned in this sorry series, the people convinced that there are forthcoming limits did not use demography and statistical strategies to test the theories related to the limit of lifespan, instead the subjugated pompousness, under  supplied methods and pretty displays to try to prove their assumption.

This study fails to add any knowledge scientifically as to how long one can live. It is very clear that experiments suggest that there is a limit to lifespan, which observe animals in conditions which are ideal. From the University of Illinois, Prof Jay Olshansky said that mice have the tendency to live for nearly a thousand days, canines for nearly five thousand days and humankind is reaching a natural boundary to life.

Stopping ageing? 

The ultimatum of dealing with ageing is that we have not advanced to live to great old ages. Millennium of natural selection has improved us to thrive, grow and procreate in our formative years. The consequences to our bodies 50 years from now or later, at ages we have not gotten to in our existence in history will be a side effect of the guidelines in our DNA that are vital in youth. Therefore, any trials to proliferate human life will need tactic beyond curing diseases and try to solve ageing at cell level inside the body.

Can an Algorithm Replace the Pill?

Happy Cycles

Elina Berglund is a particle physicist from Sweden and assisted in the discovery of the Higgs boson particle. Then when the Large Hadron Collider completed its first test in the year 2012, she felt it was time for a change. She felt it was difficult to achieve and so she thought to try out something totally different. That is when she came up with the app Natural Cycles to check fertility. Berglund 32 years of age started putting effort in the app while she was still at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN). She wanted to stop letting her body be subjective to pills but was unaware of any natural forms of birth control. So she prepared an algorithm for herself.

How it works

The algorithm was centred on progressive statistical techniques from her duration at CERN and it made use of the temperature of her body to find out fertility. After the egg is discharged from the ovary, levels of female hormone progesterone increases which causes the bodily temperature in women to rise up to 0.45 degree Celsius warmer. By punching into her app your daily temperature and by comparing all the data fed in, you know when you would be able to have coitus unprotected which will be displayed in green on the calendar and when the use of contraception will be required which will be shown in red.

The app has led two trials clinically, in which the second one evaluated data entry of a crowd greater than four thousand women between the age of 20 and 35. While that happened to continue for one year, one hundred and forty three pregnancies took place unplanned, out of which ten occurred on the days marked in green thus rating the app a 99.5 % in effectiveness similar to the pill. It is the only app currently of its kind to be regarded as a medical instrument which has been approved giving it the same importance as condoms and IUDs even if it is of a different form.

What next? 

Her next aim was for the technique not to be categorized not just as fertility but as a contraceptive monitor. The app will stand as a form of natural means of contraception substituting the pill without having any side effects. Fault finders have questioned them regarding the app saying that it is not suggestible for those who are in their early years of life or those who want to keep pregnancy at bay, as there are other alternative methods which are much more effective.

From the Swedish Medical Institute Karolinska Institutet, the lead author Kristina Gemzell Danielsson says that the effectiveness is far less than that of IUD or intrauterine contraception or inserts, but alike to the pill when it is used for real. Bazian who are medical data analysts that wrote for NHS Choices mentioned that this sort of app can assist in keeping track as of when it would be advisable to keep away from unprotected coitus. However, they also observed that the data was not accumulated to particularly as an answer for the question and may possibly not be appropriate for the purpose.

The pros and cons

Elina further says that it is essential to see that the study is a study conducted in real life, which means that the routine of the app was considered as close to realism as promising. In organised clinical test, the act of presenting is always considered as a better way because there is a lot of scrutinizes from clinicians that bring to mind for instance women consume pills so on and so forth.

To which Danielson also agrees in response to the observation that the rate at which pregnancy was dropped out was more in the study than with the pill. She also said that the key is pure motivation. For a number of women this method might not be perfect but it can be a good alternative for women who are motivated. The app, Natural Cycles can be of aid to a lot of women who plan to have a baby as well as to prevent the chances of pregnancy.

Elina is currently aiming on the facts of this app, along with a study conducted clinically explored the issues that had an impact on pregnancy and a movement that inaugurates tomorrow in the UK called #HappyPregnancy. Being a part of the movement, this app is proposing a refund to any female who is unsuccessful to get pregnant within a period of 9 months as per usage.

Natural Cycles at present has hundred thousand users at the cost of £6.99 per month and in the month of June the firm had around six million (£4.5m). When Elina was asked what was next to come she said a lot of things. The main aim for her as well as the team of clinicians was to expand the team not only in the UK but also internationally.

Cervical Screening Could Save Hundreds More Lives

Screening is a must

A study recently conducted andpublished in the British Journal of Cancer throws some light on the fact that many lives of those people suffering from cervical cancer could be saved only if all those who are entitled would opt for a screening. The report found that Just about two thousand lives of women are saved in England each year since these women opt for a cervical cancer screening.

Scientists from Queen Mary University of London mentioned that the largest effect seen by them were from the results of the screening were mostly observed in women who were in the age group of fifty to sixty four. Each year in England approximately at least 800 women lose their lives battling against cervical cancer. In the UK the screening of cervical cancer is offered to women right from the age of 25 up to the age of 64.

Those women who are between the age of 25 and 49 are requested to do the screening every three years, and those who are up to the age of 64 are asked to get the screening done every five years. The screening comprises of a smear test which examines the entrance of the uterus for any traces of cell which could be abnormal. This gives doctors an opportunity to extract the tissue which has a chance to become more malignant or say cancerous.

Eleven thousand records

The team of researchers evaluated the records of women more than eleven thousand in England who were diagnosed with cancer of the cervix. These researchers surprisingly found that three hundred extra lives could be rescued if all those women aged between twenty five and sixty four opted to get a screening done regularly.

They also found that women five times more could possibly die from cancer of the cervix if they chose no screening to be done between fifty to sixty four years of age. The person leading the research was Prof Peter Sasieni. Based at Queen Mary University of London, Prof Sasieni said that it is all thanks to the screening that many women now are alive and have good health.

Every year, already thousands of cancers are prevented and cure with the help of the cervical screening programme and as it may continue to do so, there is still hope for some improvements wherein samples of HPV or the human papilloma virus being tested and checked, looking at many more women who are expected to create an avoidable circumstance to the condition in that specific age group.

Health information manager Dr Claire Knight, at Cancer Research UK suggested that women should go ahead with the offer to get a cervical screening done. It is crucial to keep in mind that cervical screening is helpful for those women without the symptoms.

Women who experience not frequent or persistent bleeding, ache or variation in vaginal discharge even though they have been screened not a long time ago and irrespective of how old they are should definitely get it consulted n checked by their GP.

Long Daytime Naps Are Warning Sign For Type-2 Diabetes

Napping in the day

Japanese researchers have now found that prolonged periods of naps extending more than one hour a day could possibly be an indication sign for type 2 diabetes. This link was found when they investigated studies based on observation which involved much more than 300,000 people.

Experts from the UK said that the people having illnesses for a longer time and those left with diabetes undiagnosed often had a feeling of fatigue in course of the day. However, they also said that they had no solid proof that naps created or amplified the risk of having diabetes.

This enormous study was conducted by researchers at the University of Tokyo, and is being presented in Munich at a conference of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. In the research it was found the connection concerning long naps during the day of greater than an hour and an increased risk by 45 per cent of diabetes, as compared to no nap time during the day. However there were no evidences seen in cases with naps for a period of 40 minutes or less.

Sleeping patterns

The researchers believed that lengthy naps could be an outcome of having disturbed sleep during the night, that actually triggered by sleep apnoea. This kind of sleeping disorder could escalate the risk of heart problems, cardiovascular issues and other metabolic conditions, together with type 2 diabetes.

Because of work schedule or patterns of social life, people are deprived of sleep, which could result in increased desire for food, which could amplify the threat of type 2 diabetes. Then again it was also likely that people are not very healthy or are in the early stages of diabetes were more prone to take naps during the day for a longer period. On the contrary, the authors believe that naps of a shorter span were expected to increase vigilance and normal motor movements.

Early warning sign

From the University of Glasgow, Naveed Satter a professor of metabolic medicine said that there was currently a lot of proof of some kind of connection between disturbances during sleep and diabetes. It is possible that factors of risk which bring about diabetes also are the root for napping. This could take account of a tad high level of sugar, meaning that napping could be a primary cautionary indication of diabetes said Satter. However appropriate tests were required to figure out whether or not sleeping patterns did make any change to outcomes of real heath.

At the University of Oxford, Dr Benjamin Cairns, from the cancer epidemiology division commented that the results of the tests should be considered with lot of concern and with avoidance of risks. In a broad spectrum, Dr Cairns says that it is not really possible to come down to a final result about not only the causes but also the effects simply established on the basis of studies conducted on observation solely, because as a matter of fact they cannot forget about other explanatory substitutes for their results and finding in the trial.

Body Fat Link to Bacteria in Faeces

Bacteria decide your weight? 

Researchers established in King’s College in London believe that the composition of the bacteria found in the faeces of humans may have an impact on the levels of toxic fats in our bodies. They examined stood samples of more than three thousand six hundred twins for the study and found confirmation that some of these bacteria are innate. The material that the faeces contain bacteria could thus partially explain a reason as to why obesity is hereditary through family lines.

This study was published in the journal Genome Biology. The team of researchers dug out information from study partakers about the human faecal microorganism- the bacteria existent in samples of faeces – and matched these samples to six other measures of obesity, inclusive of BMI or body mass index and various types of fat in the body.

As a minimum 50 per cent of human faeces comprises of bacteria which is cast off from the gut. The scientists established that the strongest connections with visceral fat, where people with a high variety of bacteria in their faeces had a lesser intensity of visceral fat. This form of body fat could be bad because it is stockpiled in the area near the stomach around vital organs like the pancreas, liver and intestines to name a few and is connected with a greater risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disorders.

More investigation

Lead study author, Dr Michelle Beaumont from the department of genetic epidemiology and twin research at King’s College in London mentioned that even though the study portrayed a clear connection, it was not possible yet to support and give reasons for its existence.

One possible explanation could be that a deficiency of diversity in faecal bacteria could bring about the supremacy of high levels of microorganisms from the gut which are efficient at converting carbohydrates into fat. Dr Beaumont also stated that as the study was based on scrutiny and observation it they could not comment precisely as on how colonies of bacteria residing in the gut may possibly impact the storage of fat in the body, or if a different path is involved in gaining weight.

She also specified more research was in need in order to investigate how these microorganisms in the intestine and the faeces can impact the health of humans. However, there is an increasing mass of proof to put forward that bacteria from the intestine may have a key role in cases like obesity. It is already recognized that a minimum of 50 per cent of human faeces constitutes of bacteria that is cast off from the intestine. Dr Beaumont also mentioned that ingesting a large diet which consists of various different types of food similar to that of the prior hunter-gatherers could intensify the diversity of the organisms in human faeces.

She says that if the concept that these organisms are passed down from generations to generations stands true, then the same microorganisms may play a very vital role in the process of how fat develops around the body and the risk it can bring on health.